ABSTRACT Introduction: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints, with a poorly understood etiology. About 1% of the world population suffers from this disease without distinction of ethnicity, with preference in women between 40 and 50 years of age.Objective: To describe the level of knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis in adults in Paraguay February-March 2022. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was designed and a survey was conducted among Paraguayan residents. A non-probabilistic, snowball type sampling was applied for data collection consisting of an online survey disseminated via WhatsApp. Results: 103 surveys collected from urban and rural cities of Paraguay were analyzed on the knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis, the median age was 23 years +/- RI 12, the maximum age was 78 years and the minimum was 18 years Regarding knowledge of the disease, 67, 66% (70/103) know about the disease, 80% defined correctly; 81% know the symptoms and 54% know the causes of rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions: importance should be given to the question of the knowledge that the population has about rheumatoid arthritis, although there is a majority level of knowledge, there is still a lack of knowledge of a certain proportion of individuals, therefore the integration of certain didactic methods or a plan that facilitates the learning of society on this subject would be a fundamental objective and goal.

RESUMEN Introducción: La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta las articulaciones, con una etiología poco conocida. Alrededor del 1% de la población mundial padece esta enfermedad sin distinción de etnias, con preferencia en mujeres de 40 a 50 años de edad. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de conocimiento sobre la artritis reumatoide en adultos del Paraguay de febrero a marzo del 2022. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, se realizó una encuesta a personas residentes en Paraguay. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo bola de nieve para la recolección de datos que consistió en una encuesta online difundida por vía WhatsApp. Resultados: se analizó 103 encuestas recolectadas de ciudades urbanas y rurales del Paraguay sobre el conocimiento de la artritis reumatoide, la mediana de edad fue de 23 años +/- RI 12, el máximo de edad fue de 78 años y el mínimo fue de18 años. En cuanto al conocimiento de la enfermedad, el 67,6%conoce sobre la enfermedad, el 80% la definieron correctamente; el 81% conoce los síntomas y el 54% conoce las causas de la artritis reumatoide. Conclusiones: se debe tomar importancia y dar una mirada a la cuestión del conocimiento que la población posee acerca de la artritis reumatoide, a pesar de que existe un nivel mayoritario de conocimiento aún, sigue persistiendo un desconocimiento de cierta proporción de individuos, por ende, la integración de ciertos métodos didácticos o un plan que facilite el aprendizaje de la sociedad sobre este tema sería un objetivo y una meta fundamental.

In order to reduce errors in the process of care for both women in childbearing age and pregnant women, professional’s training needs to be permanent. Therefore, this Manual, though far from pretending to be a finished Obstetrics book, aims to provide an essential working tool for family doctors, who are in the front line of confrontation with the health of women in general and more specifically with pregnant women in Cienfuegos. It is based on the latest version of the Obstetrics Consensus, circulating this year, and includes also a review on the statements of several specialists colleagues who work in different profiles in the province

Para reducir los errores en el proceso de atención de las mujeres en edad fértil, y embarazadas, la capacitación tiene que ser permanente. Por ello, este Manual, aunque está lejos de pretender ser un libro acabado de Obstetricia, tiene como objetivo esencial brindar un instrumento de trabajo a los médicos de familia, quienes se encuentran en la primera línea de atención a las mujeres y embarazadas cienfuegueras. Tiene como fundamento la última versión del Consenso de Obstetricia, en circulación este año, y cuenta además con la revisión de varios compañeros especialistas que se desempeñan en diferentes perfiles de la provincia.

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de autoestima de adolescentes escolarizados en un colegio rural de un corregimiento de Pereira. Métodos: Se convocó a los estudiantes a participar, 292 aceptaron desarrollar la encuesta, mientras 20 se abstuvieron de hacerlo. Resultados: Previo análisis de confiabilidad del test, se encontró que 47,9% de los estudiantes presentaron una baja y muy baja autoestima. Un modelo multivariado reportó que la autoestima se reducía a medida que aumentaba la edad. Conclusiones: La comunidad académica y la familia deben interactuar a favor de un buen nivel de autoestima en los adolescentes.

Objective: To assess the level of self-esteem of adolescents in a rural school of a district of Pereira. Methods: Students were called upon to participate, 292 agreed to undergo the test, while 20 abstained. Results: After a previous reliability test analysis, we found that 47.9% of students had low and very low self-esteem. A multivariate model reported that self-esteem was reduced as age increased. Conclusions: The academic community and the family must work together in order to improve self-esteem among teenagers in general.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da adição de quitosana sobre a qualidade de salsichas embaladas a vácuo. Elaborou-se uma variante do produto com 1% (m/m) de quitosana adicionada em dissolução de ácido láctico a 1% (v/v) e manteve-se um lote controle sem adição de quitosana. Formaram-se peças mediante torção manual e envasadas a vácuo. Determinaram-se, durante o armazenamento a 4 °C, vários parâmetros de qualidade: avaliações microbiológicas, pH, análise do perfil de textura e avaliação sensorial mediante a análise descritiva quantitativa. A adição de quitosana na formulação das salsichas não reduziu os conteúdos microbiológicos e os valores de pH obtidos em todas as amostras foram similares, o que sugere que a adição de quitosana não influencia os valores de pH das salsichas. A adição de quitosana não afetou significativamente (p < 0,05) os valores de textura nem as análises sensoriais estudadas mantendo, portanto, a qualidade do embutido.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the chitosan addition on the quality of vacuum packaged pork sausages. A variant of the product was elaborated with 1% (w/w) of chitosan in lactic acid solution at 1% (v/v) and it was compared to a control. Sausages were mechanically stuffed and manually conformed and vacuum packaged. Sausages were stored at 4 °C and microbiological evaluations, pH measurements, texture profile analysis and sensorial evaluation were performed. The chitosan addition in the formulation of the sausages did not reduce the microbiological counts. The pH values obtained in all samples were similar, which suggests that the chitosan addition did not influence the pH values of sausages. The added chitosan did not affect significantly (p < 0.05) the results of the texture profile analysis and sensorial attributes and therefore, the overall acceptance of the sausages.